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01

Discover The Rulers Of The Mesozoic Era!

中生代的统治者

The word ‘dinosaur’ was invented by the English biologist Sir Richard Owen. He first used the term ‘Dinosauria’ in 1842, when he needed a word for a new group of animals that he had recently identified.

“恐龙”一词是由英国生物学家理查德·欧文爵士发明的。他第一次使用“恐龙”这个词是在1842年，当时他需要一个词来表示他最近发现的一群新动物。

The word comes from two Greek words: ‘deinos’, which means ‘terrible’, and ‘sauros’, which means ‘lizard’. Therefore ‘dinosaur’ means ‘terrible lizard’.

这个词来自两个希腊词:deinos，意思是“可怕的”，sauros，意思是“蜥蜴”。因此，“恐龙”的意思是“可怕的蜥蜴”。

Although – strictly speaking – dinosaurs aren’t lizards, it’s still a very fitting name!

虽然严格来说，恐龙不是蜥蜴，但它仍然是一个非常合适的名字!

This may surprise you, but dinosaurs are still alive … it’s just that today we call them birds!

Evolution, by the way, is how animals change over time. It doesn’t happen overnight. 

顺便说一下，进化是指动物如何随着时间而改变。这不是一夜之间发生的。

02

What Makes a Dinosaur a Dinosaur? 

Dinosaurs were a tremendously varied group of animals. Some dinosaurs were grazers, some were predators, some lived in herds, some had horns and some had armour, but despite all these differences, there were things that all dinosaurs had in common.

恐龙是一种极其多样化的动物。有些恐龙是食草动物，有些是食肉动物，有些是群居动物，有些有角，有些有盔甲，但尽管有这些差异，所有恐龙都有一些共同之处。

Dinosaurs lived between 250 and 65 million years ago, from the early Triassic period to the end of the Cretaceous period.

恐龙生活在距今2.5亿到6500万年前，从三叠纪早期到白垩纪末期。

Dinosaurs were land animals, and (most) could not fly.

恐龙是陆地动物，而且(大多数)不会飞。

(Pterosaurs, the famous ‘flying dinosaurs’, were not actually dinosaurs. Neither were ‘swimming dinosaurs’ such as mosasaurs.)

翼龙，著名的“飞行恐龙”，实际上并不是恐龙。像沧龙这样的“游泳恐龙”也不是。

There were many different types of dinosaur, and they lived in many different habitats. There were meat-eating, plant-eating and omnivorous dinosaurs, and many evolved to have specialist diets such as seeds or insects.

有许多不同种类的恐龙，它们生活在许多不同的栖息地。有食肉恐龙、植食恐龙和杂食性恐龙，其中许多进化到有专门的食物，如种子或昆虫。

Dinosaurs ranged in size from the chicken-sized compsognathus (and some recently discovered species that are even smaller) to the giant sauropods – including the Titanosaurs, the biggest known dinosaurs.

恐龙的体型从鸡大小的秀颌龙(一些最近发现的物种甚至更小)到巨大的蜥脚类动物——包括已知的最大恐龙——雷龙。

Some dinosaurs walked on two legs, some on four, and some (such as the iguanadon) were able to walk on both two and four legs.

有些恐龙用两条腿走路，有些用四条腿，还有一些(比如鬣蜥)可以用两条腿和四条腿走路

Characteristics Of Dinosaurs: Summary

总结恐龙的特征:

Reptilian

Straight legs projecting downwards from body.

Lived on land.

(Most) could not fly.

Lived from the early Triassic period to the end of the Cretaceous period.

爬行动物
从身体向下伸出的直腿。
住在陆地上。
(大多数)不会飞。
生活于三叠纪早期至白垩纪末期。

03

Types Of Dinosaurs

We’ve all heard of dinosaurs such as Tyrannosaurus Rex, Stegosaurus and Allosaurus. Each of these, and all of the other famous dinosaurs, were one of either of the two main types of dinosaur, Ornithischia and Saurischia.

我们都听说过霸王龙、剑龙和异特龙这样的恐龙。这两种恐龙，以及其他所有著名的恐龙，都属于鸟臀目恐龙和蜥蜴目恐龙这两种主要类型中的一种。

 Ornithischia 鸟臀目

The name ‘Ornithischia’ comes from the Greek for ‘bird-hipped’. The hip bones of these dinosaurs are similar to those of present-day birds.

“鸟臀目恐龙”这个名字来自希腊语，意为“鸟臀目恐龙”。这些恐龙的髋骨与现在的鸟类相似。

Confusingly, birds are actually descended from the Saurischians, rather than the Ornithischians.

令人困惑的是，鸟类实际上是蜥蜴的后代，而不是鸟臀目。

Ornithischians were herbivorous (plant-eating) dinosaurs. Early Ornithischians were small and bipedal (walking on two legs). However, as they evolved, the ornithischians came to be more varied than the saurischians. Most well-known ornithischians walked on four legs.

鸟臀目是食草恐龙。早期的鸟臀目恐龙体型较小，是两足动物(用两条腿走路)。然而，随着它们的进化，鸟臀目变得比蜥蜴目更加多样化。最著名的鸟臀目龙是用四条腿走路的。

Some examples of ornithischians include the armoured dinosaurs such as ankylosaurus and stegosaurus, ornithopods such as Iguanodon, and ceratopsians such as triceratops.

鸟臀目的一些例子包括甲龙和剑龙等披甲恐龙，禽龙等鸟脚亚目，以及三角龙等角龙。

Saurischia

蜥臀目

Saurischian means ‘lizard-hipped’; this type of dinosaur’s hip bones resemble those of a lizard.

蜥臀目这种恐龙的髋骨类似于蜥蜴的髋骨。

This group of dinosaurs includes all of the famous carnivorous (meat-eating) species you’ve no doubt seen in films such as ‘Jurassic Park’. These are the theropods; dinosaurs that walked on two powerful legs, and which had long tails, short arms, and big jaws! Examples of theropods include Allosaurus, Oviraptor, and Tyrannosaurus.

这群恐龙包括了你在《侏罗纪公园》等电影中所见过的所有著名的食肉恐龙。这些是兽脚亚目恐龙;用两条有力的腿走路的恐龙，还有长尾巴，短臂和大嘴的恐龙!兽脚亚目恐龙的例子包括异特龙、窃蛋龙和暴龙。

The other main type of saurischian dinosaurs were the sauropods. These were huge, herbivorous dinosaurs, with small heads, long necks, and four stout legs to carry their enormous weight. Well-known sauropods include Apatosaurus, Diplodocus and Brontosaurus.

蜥龙的另一种主要类型是蜥脚类动物。它们是巨大的食草恐龙，头小，脖子长，四条粗壮的腿来承受巨大的重量。著名的蜥脚类动物包括迷惑龙、梁龙和雷龙。

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