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RE3 UNIT 1 The Game of The World 

全世界的游戏---

课文逻辑严密地描述了足球得以如此广泛传播的各种原因，希望能给你带来新的思路和归纳性启发！

课本上的一个大力神杯，让喜欢足球的读者心潮澎湃！这篇我们就来补充世界杯的历史。

The development of football 

The development of modern football was closely tied to processes of industrialization and urbanization in Victorian Britain. 

现代足球的发展是维多利亚时代英国的工业化和城市化进程的产物。

Most of the new working-class inhabitants of Britain’s industrial towns and cities gradually lost their old bucolic pastimes, such as badger-baiting, and sought fresh forms of collective leisure.

英国工业城镇和城市的新工人阶级居民大多数逐渐失去了他们古老的田园消遣方式，比如捉獾，转而寻求新的集体休闲方式。

From the 1850s onward, industrial workers were increasingly likely to have Saturday afternoons off work, and so many turned to the new game of football to watch or to play. 

从19世纪50年代开始，工业工人越来越有可能在周六下午不工作，因此许多人转向观看或比赛新的足球比赛。

Key urban institutions such as churches, trade unions, and schools organized working-class boys and men into recreational football teams. 

休闲足球队的成员主要来自城市机构，如教堂、工会和学校，工人阶级。

The sport was at first an entertainment for the British working class. Unprecedented amounts of spectators, up to 30,000, would see the big matches in the late 19th century. 

这项运动最初是英国工人阶级的娱乐活动。在19世纪末，观看大型比赛的观众人数达到了空前的3万人。

The game would soon expand by British peoples that traveled to other parts of the world. Especially in South America and India would the interest in football become big.

这项运动很快被英国人扩展到世界其他地方。特别是在南美和印度，人们对足球的兴趣会越来越大。

Football clubs have existed since the 15th century, but unorganized and without official status. It is therefore hard to decide which the first football club was.

足球俱乐部自15世纪就存在了，但没有组织，也没有正式的地位。因此，很难确定第一个足球俱乐部是哪个。

Some historians suggest that it was the Foot-Ball Club formed 1824 in Edinburgh. Early clubs were often formed by former school students and the first of this kind was formed in Sheffield in 1855. The oldest among professional football clubs is the English club Notts County that was formed in 1862 and still exists today.

一些历史学家认为第一个俱乐部是1824年在爱丁堡成立的足球俱乐部。早期的俱乐部通常由以前的学生组成，第一个这样的俱乐部于1855年在谢菲尔德成立。职业足球俱乐部中最古老的是英国的诺茨郡俱乐部，它成立于1862年，至今仍然存在。

FIFA, or Federation Internationale de Football Association, is an organization founded in 1904 by representatives of seven European countries: France, Belgium, Denmark, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland. 

国际足联，又称国际足球联合会，是由七个欧洲国家的代表于1904年创立的组织:法国、比利时、丹麦、荷兰、西班牙、瑞典和瑞士。

They codified the rules of the game in international matches and organized competitions. However, they did not originally envision hosting a World Cup event.

他们制定国际比赛的比赛规则并组织比赛。然而，他们最初并没有打算举办世界杯。

Before the World Cup was inaugurated, the football tournament arranged as part of the Summer Olympics was given the most prestige.

在世界杯开幕之前，作为夏季奥运会的一部分而安排的足球锦标赛被赋予了最高的威望。

But in the 1920s, the game was facing a transition to professionalism that wasn't consistent with the Olympic spirit. Therefore, the government body, FIFA, made plans to organize a World Cup.

但在20世纪20年代，这项运动面临着向职业化的转变，这与奥林匹克精神并不相符。因此，政府机构FIFA制定了举办世界杯的计划。

The decision of arranging the first edition was officially declared on May 26, 1928.

1928年5月26日，FIFA决定正式宣布第一届世界杯。

The first official World Cup was played in Uruguay 1930, and since when the tournament has been held every fourth year (with exceptions for interruption due to the Second World War).

第一届正式的世界杯是1930年在乌拉圭举行的，从那时起，世界杯每四年举行一次(因二战而中断的除外)。

The Summer Olympic football competitions would be a mark of which the best national teams were before 1930. The Olympic tournaments consisted, however, only of amateur teams – the World Cup became the "real deal".

在1930年以前，夏季奥林匹克足球比赛是最好的国家球队的标志。然而，今天奥运会的比赛仅仅由业余球队组成——世界杯成为了“真正的比赛”。

FUN FACTS ABOUT WORLD CUP

Brazil has made the most consecutive World Cups, appearing in all 21 tournaments.巴西是连续21届世界杯参赛人数最多的国家。

Only eight nations have won the World Cup; Brazil, Italy, Germany (also as West Germany), Argentina, Uruguay, England, Spain and France.

只有8个国家赢得了世界杯;巴西、意大利、德国(也称西德)、阿根廷、乌拉圭、英国、西班牙和法国。

Brazil holds the record for most World Cup titles, with five. Runners-up Italy and Germany has won four.

巴西保持着获得世界杯冠军最多的记录，有5个。亚军意大利和德国获得了四次。

No country has won the World Cup three times consecutively; Italy (1934, 1938) and Brazil (1958, 1962) have both won back-to back championships.

还没有哪个国家连续三次夺得世界杯冠军;意大利(1934年，1938年)和巴西(1958年，1962年)都连续夺冠。

The highest scoring game in World Cup history was in 1954, when Austria defeated Switzerland 7-5.

世界杯历史上进球最多的比赛发生在1954年，当时奥地利以7比5击败瑞士。

Out of the 208 FIFA member nations, 204 attempted to qualify for the 2010 World Cup.

在国际足联208个成员国中，有204个国家试图获得参加2010年世界杯的资格。

The all-time leading scorer in the World Cup is Germany’s Miroslav Klose, with 16 goals

世界杯历史上进球最多的是德国的克洛泽，他进了16个球

The record for most individual goals in a tournament is held by France’s Just Fonatine, with 13. He played in just one World Cup (1958), but that single outing is good enough to place him fourth on the all-time career goals list.

世界杯上个人进球最多的纪录是由法国的Just Fonatine保持的，进球13个。他只参加过1958年的世界杯，但这一场比赛足以让他在职业生涯进球榜上排名第四。

Brazilian superstar Pelé is the only player to have won three World Cup championships. His 1958 World Cup debut resulted in a number of long-standing records; youngest goal scorer, youngest player to score a hat trick and the youngest player to appear in a final, at the tender age of 17 years and 249 days.

巴西巨星贝利是唯一一位三次夺得世界杯冠军的球员。1958年他的世界杯处子秀创造了多项纪录;最年轻的进球者，最年轻的帽子戏法球员和最年轻的进入决赛的球员，年仅17岁零249天。

No other sport event can compete in significance: the latest FIFA World Cup reached over three billion television viewers worldwide and one billion watched the final.

没有任何一项体育赛事能与之媲美:最近一届国际足联世界杯(FIFA World Cup)的全球电视观众超过30亿，其中有10亿人观看了决赛。

“大力神杯”的历史

The World Cup is a gold trophy that is awarded to the winners of the FIFA World Cup association football tournament. Since the advent of the World Cup in 1930, two trophies have been used: the Jules Rimet Trophy from 1930 to 1970, and the FIFA World Cup Trophy from 1974 to the present-day.

世界杯奖杯时颁发给国际足联世界杯足球比赛冠军的金制奖杯。自1930年世界杯问世以来，一共用过两个奖杯：1930年到1970年的雷米特杯和1974年至今的国际足联世界杯奖杯(即大力神杯)。

The first trophy, originally named Victory, but later renamed in honor of former FIFA president Jules Rimet, was made of gold plated sterling silver and lapis lazuli and depicted Nike, the Greek goddess of victory. The Brazilian team won the tournament for the third time in 1970, allowing them to keep the real trophy in perpetuity, as had been stipulated by Jules Rimet in 1930. The Jules Rimet Trophy was stolen from Brazilian Football Confederation headquarters in 1983 and never recovered.

第一个奖杯原名叫胜利奖杯，后来为了纪念国际足联前主席朱尔斯•雷米特而改名为雷米特杯。该奖杯为标准纯银和青金石镀金铸成，造型为希腊神话中的胜利女神——尼克。巴西在1970年第三次捧得奖杯，按照雷米特在1930年制定的规则，巴西可以永久拥有这个奖杯。1983年，该奖杯在巴西足联总部被盗，至今下落不明。

The subsequent trophy, called the "FIFA World Cup Trophy", was introduced in 1974. Made of 18 karat gold with a malachite base, it stands 36.8 centimeters high and weighs 6.1 kilograms. The trophy was designed by Italian artist Silvio Gazzaniga. It depicts two human figures holding up the Earth. Gazzaniga described the trophy thus, "The lines spring out from the base, rising in spirals, stretching out to receive the world. From the remarkable dynamic tensions of the compact body of the sculpture rise the figures of two athletes at the stirring moment of victory." The current holder of the trophy is France, winner of the 20148 World Cup.

第二个奖杯“国际足联世界杯奖杯”于1974年推出，奖杯底座为孔雀石，杯身由18K黄金铸成，高36.8厘米，重6.1公斤。该奖杯由意大利艺术家西尔维奥•加扎尼加设计，其造型为两个人双手托起地球。加扎尼加描述的设计创意是：“线条从底部产生，螺线升起，伸展开来接住地球。在胜利情绪沸腾的时刻，两个运动员的形象从整个杯身雕刻的动态拉伸线条中升起。”新近的大力神杯获得者是法国，2018年世界杯冠军。

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