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                   monument和memorial的区别

这两个近义词有彻底不同的部分，也有可以共用的时候，，最直接的理解就从欣赏世界各地的风景名胜开始。

memorial纪念物； 纪念碑， 纪念馆，纪念堂  

Memorials are often related to death and destruction.

纪念碑通常与死亡毁灭有关。

让我们来看看一些世界有名的Memorial就知道这个词意了。

World Trade Center MEMORIAL

世界贸易中心纪念馆

This Memorial site was opened on September 11, 2011, to commemorate close to 3,000 people who were killed in the World Trade Center terrorist attacks. It is located at the World Trade Center's former location in New York. Two reflecting pools sit on this very ground where the Twin Towers once stood. These pools are surrounded by bronze panels inscribed with names of people who died in the 2001 attacks as well as the 1993 bombing.

这个纪念馆于2011年9月11日开放，纪念在世贸中心恐怖袭击中丧生的近3000人。它位于纽约世贸中心的旧址。两个倒影池坐落在双子塔曾经矗立的地方。水池周围是铜板，上面刻着在2001年的袭击和1993年的爆炸中丧生的人的名字。

Unveiled in October 2011, this memorial is the fourth for non-presidents and first to honor an African-American leader at the National Mall in Washington, DC. It celebrates Martin Luther King Jr.’s leadership, legacy and tireless advocacy for freedom, racial equality, and just for the oppressed around the world.

Carved on the memorial are the words “Out of a mountain of despair, a stone of hope,” which came from MLK’s ‘I Have a Dream’ speech.

这座纪念碑于2011年10月揭幕，是第四个非总统纪念碑，也是华盛顿特区国家广场第一个纪念非裔美国领导人的纪念碑。它是为了纪念马丁·路德·金(Martin Luther King Jr.)的领导力、遗产以及他不知疲倦地为自由、种族平等和世界各地受压迫的人所作的倡导。

纪念碑上刻着“绝望之山，希望之石”的字样，这句话出自马丁·路德·金的《我有一个梦想》演讲。

This stunning marble temple is home to the 19-feet-high sculpture of the 16th president of the United States, Abraham Lincoln. On top of his sculpture are the words from his Gettysburg Address.

这座令人惊叹的大理石神庙是美国第16任总统亚伯拉罕·林肯的19英尺高雕像的所在地。在他的雕塑上面是他葛底斯堡演说的歌词。

The Memorial was built to honor American armed forces who took part in the Vietnam War. It consists of three parts: the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Wall, the Three Servicemen Memorial, and the Vietnam Women’s Memorial. 

纪念碑是为了纪念参加越南战争的美国军队而建造的。它由三部分组成:越南老兵纪念墙、三名军人纪念碑和越南妇女纪念碑。

The Washington Memorial was revealed in 1884 ，

as a commemoration of George Washington, the first president of the United States. 

华盛顿纪念碑于1884年揭幕，是为了纪念美国第一任总统乔治·华盛顿。

The massive sculpture is a memorial to four American presidents and their contribution. 

The sculpture features Presidents George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt and Abraham Lincoln.

总结：

Memorials: More somber, remembrance.

memorial :更加肃穆，缅怀

A monument tends to be built to remember a significant    person or event in history or a time period.

monument 往往是为了纪念历史上或某个时期的重要人物或事件而建造的, 也可以说是有重要意义的纪念碑。

The Empire State Building, for example, is a MONUMENT of the booming American economy of the period and the Arc de Triumph is a MONUMENT to military victories. 

例如我们可说，帝国大厦是繁荣的美国经济的纪念碑，凯旋门是军事胜利的纪念碑。

Of course there is some blurrying between the definitions, but this tends to be the trend: 

当然，这些定义之间有些模糊，但我们能看到规律:

Monuments: more of a mark of achievement or historic marker. 

monument :更多的是成就的标志或历史的标志。

所以monument 含有文化和历史意义。

and there are some monuments, such as the Washington Monument, which -- although built after Washington's death (so a memorial) is more symbolic of Washington's ideals and the constructs of American freedoms - making it a monument)”

还有一些纪念碑，比如华盛顿纪念碑(monument )，尽管它是在华盛顿去世后修建的，但它更象征着华盛顿的理想和美国自由的构建，因此它是一个纪念碑

泰姬陵可以说是monument， 也可以是一个memorial, 因为是爱妻的陵墓。

Most pyramids were built as tombs for the country’s Pharaohs and their consorts during the Old and Middle Kingdom periods. These are some of oldest Famous Cultural Monuments.

大多数金字塔都是在古代和中王国时期为法老和他们的配偶建造的坟墓。这些是一些最古老的著名文化遗迹。

One of the most Famous Cultural Monuments and Wonders of the world.

世界上最著名的文化遗迹和奇迹之一。

The Statue of Liberty was dedicated on October 28, 1886, designated as a National Monument in 1924 and restored for her centennial on July 4, 1986.

自由女神像于1886年10月28日落成，1924年被指定为国家纪念碑，1986年7月4日被修复以纪念她的百年诞辰。

This is another amazing man-made monument in the world. It is one of the most visited spots in Paris. 

这是世界上另一个令人惊叹的人造纪念碑。它是巴黎最受欢迎的景点之一。

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