与中国神话故事中的神不同，古希腊神话故事中的神少了些许神秘，少了些许慈悲。没有什么不死不灭不成神，他们像正常的人类一样，会悲伤，会喜悦。

他们会在所谓的命运中颠沛流离，也会在欲望和权力中沉沦。

各种游戏，电影， 现代商品一遍又一遍打造的原型， 人类不厌其烦地讲述这传说。

在这里，向西方文明的起源出发。

在这里，找到你熟悉的英文单词的发源地。

学英语， 你必须知道的神话。

In ancient Greek mythology, a group of 12 Olympian gods ruled after Zeus had overthrown the unruly Titans. The gods lived on the top of Mount Olympus- the highest in Greece. Mount Olympus (2,917 metres) is situated in northern Greece and has forested slopes and tumbling waterfalls.

在古希腊神话中，宙斯推翻了桀骜不驯的泰坦之后，由12位奥林匹斯山神组成的一群人统治着世界。众神住在希腊最高的奥林匹斯山顶。奥林匹斯山(海拔2917米)位于希腊北部，有森林覆盖的山坡和翻滚的瀑布。

Greek mythology is a collection of stories, myths and legends about the origins of the world and they are important as they give a valuable insight into every day life in ancient Greece. There were actually more than 12 gods, but the others did not live on Mount Olympus. Hades, god of the Underworld for example, lived under the earth’s surface where he could rule the dead.

希腊神话是关于世界起源的故事、神话和传说的集合，给我们提供了了解古希腊日常生活的宝贵视角。实际上不止12位，其他的都不住在山上。以冥界之神哈德斯为例，他生活在地表之下，在那里，他可以统治死者。

The throne of Zeus in Olympus mountain 奥林匹斯山上宙斯的宝座

Zeus was the son of Kronos and Rhea and with his siblings he defeated the Titans who were led by his father, Cronus.  The Titans and Olympian gods fought for a long time, but the Olympian gods were victorious and Zeus put his father and the other Titans in Tartarus – the deepest part of the Underworld- where they were tortured forever. Zeus was god of the sky and earth and King of Olympus. He married Hera (but had many lovers) and became the father of the gods and humans.

宙斯是克洛诺斯和瑞亚的儿子，他和他的兄弟姐妹们打败了他的父亲克洛诺斯领导的泰坦。泰坦与奥林匹斯诸神交战了很长时间，但最终奥林匹斯诸神取得了胜利。宙斯把他的父亲和其他泰坦们关进了地狱最深处的地狱，在那里永远遭受折磨。宙斯是天地之神，也是奥林匹斯之王。他娶了赫拉(但有许多情人)，成为众神和人类之父。

Zeus was a powerful warrior who used lightning and thunder bolts as his weapons. When he was upset, his temper affected the weather badly. There were many sanctuaries dedicated to Zeus and the ancient Greeks regularly gave offerings to Zeus in the hope that they could keep him happy.

宙斯是一位以闪电和雷电为武器的强大战士。当他心烦时，他的脾气严重影响了天气。那里有许多供奉宙斯的圣地，古希腊人经常给宙斯供奉祭品，希望能让他开心。

Hera, the goddess of the marriage and childbirth, is usually depicted with a crown and sceptre. She was married to Zeus in an opulent ceremony and became Queen of Olympus. She sought revenge whenever she was betrayed by Zeus and his lovers. She played an active role in the Trojan War in which she strongly supported the Greeks. Her symbols were the peacock and cow.

赫拉，掌管婚姻和分娩的女神，通常被描绘成戴着王冠和权杖。她和宙斯举行了盛大的婚礼，成为奥林匹斯山的皇后。每当宙斯和他的情人背叛她时，她就会寻求报复。她的象征是孔雀和奶牛。

Like his brother Zeus, Poseidon was one of the most powerful gods. with Poseidon was the god of the seas. He did not live on Mount Olympus but in a beautiful palace at the bottom of the sea. He is usually depicted holding a trident. Like his brother Zeus, Poseidon had a bad temper which caused storms and earthquakes.

像他的兄弟宙斯一样，波塞冬是最强大的神之一。波塞冬是海神。他并不是住在奥林匹斯山上，而是住在海底一座美丽的宫殿里。他通常被描绘成手持三叉戟。和他的兄弟宙斯一样，波塞冬脾气暴躁，经常引发暴风雨和地震。

Seafarers still believe in his mythological powers and ask his permission to sail the oceans before they leave harbour. A beautiful temple dedicated to Poseidon can be seen at Cape Sounio, where it stands overlooking the sea.

海员们仍然相信他神话般的力量，离开港口前都要得到他的允许在大洋上航行。在索尼奥角，可以看到一座献给波塞冬的美丽神庙，俯瞰大海。

Demeter is the goddess of agriculture and fertility. She was a lover of Zeus and together they had a daughter – Persephone. Demeter was very protective of her daughter and was angered by the advances made to Persephone by Hades. He persuaded Persephone to eat pomegranate seeds that would ensure she stayed with him as his wife.

得墨忒尔是农业和生育女神。她是宙斯的情人，他们有一个女儿——珀尔塞福涅。得墨忒尔非常保护她的女儿，她被哈迪斯对珀尔塞福涅的侵犯激怒了。他说服珀尔塞福涅吃石榴籽，以确保她作为他的妻子留在他身边。

Demeter was furious and killed all the crops in the world. Zeus bargained with Hades and Persephone was allowed to live with her mother for eight months each year. Whenever Persephone returned to live with her husband in the Underworld, the earth would turn cold and no crops would grow. Demeter’s symbol is an ear of corn.

得墨忒尔勃然大怒，杀死了世界上所有的庄稼。宙斯和哈迪斯讨价还价，珀尔塞福涅被允许每年和她的母亲住八个月。每当珀尔塞福涅回到冥界与她的丈夫生活在一起时，地球就会变冷，庄稼也不会生长。得墨忒尔的象征是玉米穗。

statue of goddess Athena in the center of Athens

位于雅典中心的雅典娜女神雕像

Athena the goddess of wisdom, was skilled in war and known to be both clever and courageous. She helped several of her heroes including Odysseus and Hercules in combat. She was born from the forehead of her father Zeus, and was his favourite child. Athena was born fully dressed in armour.

雅典娜是智慧女神，擅长战争，以聪明和勇敢而闻名。她在战斗中帮助了她的几个英雄，包括奥德修斯和赫拉克勒斯。她生在父亲宙斯的额头上，是他最宠爱的孩子，雅典娜出生时全身披甲。

She and Poseidon competed to see which of them would be chosen to be the protector of Athens. Athena was chosen because she had planted the first olive tree in the city. Poseidon was so upset he flooded Attica. Many temples were built in her honour and festivals were regularly dedicated to her. Athena’s symbols are the olive tree and the owl.

她和波塞冬竞争，看谁会被选为雅典的保护者。雅典娜被选中是因为她在城里种了第一棵橄榄树。波塞冬非常沮丧，他把阿提卡淹没了。许多庙宇都是为了纪念她而建造的，人们也定期为她举行节日庆典。雅典娜的象征是橄榄树和猫头鹰。

Apollo ancient god of poetry and music

Apollo was the god of music and healing. Apollo and his twin sister, Artemis, were born to Zeus and his Titan lover, Leto. Apollo was a great hunter and always used a silver bow and arrow. One day when he was out, he came across a young lady and fell madly in love with her. He chased her everywhere, but her father was displeased and changed her into a scared bay tree to protect her. Apollo was a popular god and a large temple was built in his honour at Delphi. Apolllo’s symbols are the laurel, crow and dolphin.

阿波罗是音乐和医疗之神。阿波罗和他的孪生妹妹阿耳特弥斯是宙斯和他的泰坦恋人勒托所生。阿波罗是一位伟大的猎人，他总是使用银色的弓和箭。一天，他外出时遇到一位年轻女子，并疯狂地爱上了她。他到处追她，但她的父亲不高兴，把她变成一棵害怕的月桂树保护她。阿波罗是一位受欢迎的神，人们在德尔斐为纪念他而建造了一座巨大的神庙。阿波罗的象征是月桂、乌鸦和海豚。

Goddess of the moon and hunting, Artemis is also often portrayed as the goddess of marriage and the protector of women in childbirth. She was an excellent hunter but had a quick temper. One day, a young man stumbled across her as she bathed in a pool of water. He would not leave so she changed him into a stag and commanded his own dogs to chase him. She is often portrayed with a bow and a deer. Her symbols are the cypress tree and a fallow deer.

阿尔忒弥斯是月亮和狩猎女神，也经常被描绘成婚姻女神和分娩妇女的保护者。她是个出色的猎手，但脾气暴躁。一天，当她在水池里洗澡时，一个年轻人偶然发现了她。他不肯离开，于是她把他变成一只牡鹿，命令他的狗去追他。她常被描绘成手持弓和鹿的形象。她的象征是一棵柏树和一只黇鹿。

Often known as the ugly looking god, Hephaestus was the god of fire and art. When he was a child, he was thrown from the top of Mount Olympus by his father, Zeus. The injuries he sustained, left him with a lame leg. He was a very talented ironmonger and he would make weapons for all of the gods.

赫菲斯托斯通常被认为是相貌丑陋的火神和艺术之神。当他还是个孩子的时候，他被他的父亲宙斯从奥林匹斯山顶扔下。他受的伤使他的一条腿跛了。他是一个非常有天赋的铁器商，他会为众神制造武器。

Temple of Hephaestus in Athens

He also created an excellent suit of armor for Achilles in his forge. He found his wife Aphrodite cheating on him with Ares and threw a giant net over them to capture them. He humiliated them both and stripped them of their special powers.  To punish his mother Hera, he once tied her up in thick chains that he had made and then refused to undo them. His symbols are the anvil and the forge.

他还在熔炉里为阿喀琉斯制作了一套极好的盔甲。他发现他的妻子阿芙罗狄蒂背着他和阿瑞斯私通，就撒下一张巨大的网罩住他们，想把他们抓起来。他剥夺了他们的特殊能力。为了惩罚他的母亲赫拉，有一次，他把自己做的粗链条绑了起来，然后拒绝解开。他的象征是铁砧和熔炉。

Aphrodite the goddess of beauty and love

Aphrodite was the goddess of beauty and love. She emerged from the foam on the waves of the sea on the island of Cyprus. Aphrodite was the daughter of Zeus and another of his lovers – the Titan – Dione. Aphrodite was so beautiful that every man fell in love with her and just like her father, she was very flirtatious.

阿佛洛狄特是美与爱之女神。在塞浦路斯岛上，她从海浪的泡沫中浮出。阿芙罗狄蒂是宙斯和另一位情人——泰坦巨人狄俄涅的女儿。阿芙罗狄蒂是如此的美丽，以至于每个男人都爱上了她，而且就像她父亲一样，她非常爱调情。

She had numerous affairs, She had a son with Ares, the god of war and they named him Eros who became famous for shooting arrows at people to make them fall in love.  Aphrodite loved roses and doves and her chariot was pulled by these beautiful birds.

她有很多风流韵事。她与战神阿瑞斯有一个儿子，他们给他起名叫厄洛斯，厄洛斯因向人们射箭使他们坠入爱河而出名。阿芙罗狄蒂喜爱玫瑰和鸽子，这些美丽的鸟儿拉着她的战车。

Ares the god of war

Ares, the god of war was said to be violent and full of physical aggression – so much so, that his own parents, Zeus and Hera did not like him. He was born in Thrace, an area in north-east Greece, known for its fierce fighters and Ares was very successful in war.

战神阿瑞斯被认为是一个充满暴力和攻击性的人，以至于他的父母，宙斯和赫拉都不喜欢他。他出生在希腊东北部的色雷斯，那里以骁勇善战而闻名。阿瑞斯在战争中非常成功。

He was unpopular and not worshipped and any myths about him talked of his humiliation. The best-known myth is that when he was Aphrodite’s lover, the pair were caught in bed and imprisoned in a giant net by Aphrodite’s husband, Hephaestus. Ares is usually depicted with a spear and helmet.

他不受欢迎，不受崇拜，任何关于他的神话都在谈论他的耻辱。最有名的神话是，当他是阿芙罗狄蒂的情人时，两人被阿芙罗狄蒂的丈夫赫菲斯托斯困在床上，并被囚禁在一个巨大的网中。阿瑞斯通常被描绘成手持长矛，头戴头盔的形象。

Hermes, with his winged helmet and characteristic sandals, was the god of commerce and travel. Hermes was also the messenger of the gods. He invented the lyre which he made from the shell of a turtle. One day he took Hera, Athena and Aphrodite to visit Paris and this event triggered the Trojan War.

赫尔墨斯 戴着带翼的头盔，脚穿有特色的凉鞋，他是商业和旅行之神。海尔墨斯也是众神的信使。他用乌龟的壳制作了七弦琴。有一天，他带着赫拉、雅典娜和阿芙罗狄蒂去巴黎游玩。这件事引发了特洛伊战争。

Hades, in the ancient Greek religion and myth, is the god of the dead and the king of the underworld, with  which his name became synonymous.

哈迪斯，在古希腊的宗教和神话中，是死神和冥界之王，他的名字成为代名词。

 Hades was the eldest son of Cronus and Rhea, although the last son regurgitated by his father. He and his brothers, Zeus and Poseidon, defeated their father's generation of gods, the Titans, and claimed rulership over the cosmos. Hades received the underworld, Zeus the sky, and Poseidon the sea, with the solid earth, long   the province of Gaia, available to all three concurrently. Hades was often portrayed with his three-headed guard dog Cerberus.

哈迪斯是克洛诺斯和瑞亚的长子，尽管他是父亲的最后一个儿子。他和他的兄弟，宙斯和波塞冬，打败了他们父亲那一代的神，泰坦，并宣称统治宇宙。冥王哈迪斯获得了冥界，宙斯获得了天空，波塞冬获得了大海，与坚实的大地，盖亚的长省，三者兼得。哈迪斯经常被描绘成和他的三头看门狗赛布勒斯在一起。

也有的说法不把哈德斯归为十二主神。其中赫斯提亚因与人类住在一起，便把位置让给了酒神狄俄尼索斯。而冥王哈迪斯有时也会包括在奥林匹斯十二神中，但一般哈迪斯都被排除在外，因为他是冥界的统治者。

The most gentle and oldest goddess was Hestia, sister of Zeus. She was goddess of the hom英语词汇之古希腊神话十二主神e and family. She was responsible for ensuring that all the fire hearths on Mount Olympus kept burning, which was considered an important job as the fire hearth was the focus of the family. Her symbol is fire.

最温柔最古老的女神是赫斯提，宙斯的妹妹。她是家庭和家庭的女神。她的职责是确保奥林匹斯山上所有的火盆都能持续燃烧，这被认为是一项重要的工作，因为火盆是家庭的焦点。她的象征是火。

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