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一. 语法讲解

直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语，直接引语通常都用引号括起来。

用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，叫间接引语。

间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个宾语从句。

Direct Speech

She said, “I like singing. ”

She said, “I am waiting for a bus.”

Indirect Speech

She said she liked singing.

She said she was waiting for a bus.

总结：直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时用连词that引导宾语从句。从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语等相应变化。

Direct Speech

She asked, “Have you seen the film?”

He asks, “Are you a doctor, John?”

She asked us, “Where are you going to get off?”

He asked them, “Who gave you a talk yesterday?”

Indirect Speech

She asked me whether/if I had seen the film.

He asks John if/whether he is a doctor.

She asked us where we were going to get off.

He asked them who had given them a talk the day before.

总结：

【人称的变化】

一随主（第一人称根据主语来变）

二随宾（第二人称根据宾语来变）

三不变（第三人称不变）

E.g.

一随主

John said, “I’m going to London with my father.”

John said that he was going to London with his father.

二随宾

I asked him, “Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight?”

I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.

三不变

John said, “Mary is going to London with her father.”

John said that Mary was going to London with her father.

【时态的变化】

主句时态一般是过去式，此时时态的变化规则是：除了过去完成时时态不变，其它向过去推移一步，具体如下：

其它时态不变的情况：

客观事实、真理、谚语、习惯性动作

He said, “The moon moves around the earth.”

He said that the moon moves around the earth.

有明确表示时间的状语，如in 2010

John said, “I went to London in 2010.”

John said that he went to London in 2010.

主句是各种现在时或将来时

He says”I didn’t go to school today.”

He says that he didn’t go to school that day.

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