北京PET语法点09期：情态动词Modal verbs:can,could,might and may

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情态动词（情态助动词）是协助主动词构成限定动词词组，无力例外地带有不带to的不定式。情态动词多半是一词多义；在肯定句、否定句和疑问句中，往往意义不尽相同。而且“时”不是时间区别的主要标志，例如现在时的情态动词不一定表示现在时间，过去时情态动词也不一定表示过去时间。

⑴ Talking about ability and inability

We use can/can't and could/couldn't to talk about ability or inability.They are followed by the infinitive without to .

注意：can 的过去时是could，否定形式是can't.（can't的过去时是couldn't）

例句：

Anna can speak French,but she can't speak Chinese.

Max could walk when he was a year ago,but he couldn't talk until he was two.

Can Anna speak French?

Yes,she can.

Can Anna speak Chinese?

No, she can't.

Could Max walk when he was one?

Yes,he could.

Could he talk when he was one?

No, he couldn't.

⑵  Talking about possibility

We use might,may and could to talk about possibilities in the present or the future.

①We use can to talk about possibilities in the present but not in the future.These modal verbs are followed by the infinitive without to.

例句：

It might be very hot tommorrow.

We may go swimming this afternoon.

There could be a storm later this evening.

It can snow here in April,but it doesn't often happen.

②To talk about negative possibilities we can use may not or might not,but notcan not or could not.

例句：

Laura is not feeling well,so she may not go to school today.

You have to accept that you might not win the lottery this week.

注意：

①The form of these verbs never changes. For example,we cannot say he cans/They mighted.

②We can use May I···？or Could I···？to ask for permission.

May I sit here？

③We rarely use the short form mightn't. We don't use mayn't.

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